Every February, I open one envelope with unusual curiosity: my 1099 from our custodian. It shows how much “income” my investments produced last year.

As an investor, I appreciate what that number represents. As a taxpayer, I also know what comes next: plugging it into a projection and watching how it changes what we’ll owe in April.

For me, it’s manageable. I’m still early in my career, and my portfolio is mostly stocks. But for many of the families we serve at Hill, this number can grow large enough that it doesn’t only affect their tax return — it starts to affect their entire financial plan.

And historically, there hasn’t been much we could do about it… until now. 

Longview Advantage Fixed Income ETF (LVIG) is an ETF from our research partner, Longview Research Partners. Its aim is to solve a part of planning we historically could not control: Traditional bond investments generate taxable income whether you need it or not.

LVIG is built to avoid those automatic income distributions. Meaning more of the return stays inside the portfolio, which gives us control over how income shows up in your plan.

Like EBI, LVIG will be used inside Hill’s models. It may not be noticeable for younger, equity-heavy investors today. But as portfolios shift over time toward a higher allocation of fixed income, LVIG becomes a meaningful planning tool as well as an outstanding investment.

1. Roth IRA conversions: Less portfolio income means more flexibility to convert traditional Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) to Roth IRAs during lower-income years.

2. Asset location: We can comfortably hold fixed income in taxable accounts and reserve IRA and Roth space for equities, where long-term growth benefits most.
   
   
3. Medicare and income cliffs like IRMAA (Income-Related Monthly Adjustment Amount), NIIT (Net Investment Income Tax), AMT (Alternative Minimum Tax):  Keeping income lower makes it easier to stay below thresholds that trigger higher premiums and additional taxes.
   
   
4. Trust planning: Trusts hit top tax brackets more quickly than individual tax brackets. Therefore, minimizing ordinary income allows trustees to distribute based on need, not tax pressure.
   
   
5. Estate planning and step-up in basis: More return remains to compound as unrealized growth that may receive a step-up for heirs instead of getting taxed each year.
   
   
6. Capital gains control: Lower income gives us more favorable opportunities to harvest gains at lower tax rates.
   
   
7. Retirement cash flow: We can create distributions intentionally by selling shares at long-term capital gains tax rates rather than generating unpredictable taxable income.

Most of these benefits become especially impactful for clients who are retired or approaching retirement, have large taxable portfolios, are doing Roth conversions, have trusts, or are mindful of Medicare premium thresholds.

For younger clients, this may feel less important today. But over time, as allocations shift toward bonds, it becomes one of the more impactful planning levers available.

This is a good example of the subtle but powerful improvements we like making for clients at Hill Investment Group. Changes that not only improve your investment outcomes, but also make your plan work better behind the scenes.

While LVIG is something we are bringing to Hill portfolios, it will be a publicly traded ETF and available to all investors. Therefore, if you know someone navigating retirement, taxes, or trust planning who could benefit from greater flexibility, feel free to share this with them or have them reach out to us directly to see how we can be most helpful. Here’s the best link to get in touch with us.

If 2025 reinforced anything, it is how quickly markets can test conviction and how costly it can be to react emotionally or narrowly. 

By April 8, the S&P 500 was down 15%, driven largely by Liberation Day and the sudden imposition of global tariffs. Volatility spiked, sentiment deteriorated, and the narrative quickly shifted toward protectionism and questions around US leadership.

Then, just one day later, markets delivered a stark reminder of how unpredictable short-term moves can be.

On April 9, the S&P 500 experienced one of the largest single-day rallies in history, with the S&P 500 rising 9.5% in a single session. Note: That one-day gain is larger than the average annual return of the S&P 500 since it’s existed. Investors who had de-risked or moved to the sidelines in response to the drawdown were not there to participate.

Despite being down double digits just three months into the year, the S&P 500 finished 2025 up nearly 18%, an outcome that few would have predicted during the spring selloff.

But the more important story was not just that markets recovered. It was where the returns came from. Global markets, as measured by the MSCI ACWI index were up 23%.

The Case for Global Diversification

2025 was a powerful reminder that returns rotate, often abruptly, and often away from what has worked most recently.

• US Market (S&P 500): +18%
• International Developed ex US (MSCI World ex US Index): +33%
• International small value (MSCI World ex US Small Value Index): +40%
• Emerging Markets (MSCI Emerging Markets Index): +34%

Investors who reduced international exposure or concentrated further into US equities, often justified by recent outperformance, materially underperformed what markets ultimately delivered.

International small value in particular was one of the strongest performers globally, with the ETF we use, the Avantis International Small Value ETF, returning 50% for 2025!

The Bigger Lesson

Markets do not reward confidence in narratives. They reward discipline. Investing in all types of markets and staying invested in all Markets.

Short term drawdowns are uncomfortable. Large single day rallies are unpredictable. The investors who captured 2025 returns were not those who timed exits or chased recent winners. They were those who stayed invested, stayed diversified, and allowed markets to do what they have historically done over time.

In years like 2025, the value of diversification is not theoretical. It is measurable.

And it is earned by maintaining exposure when doing so feels hardest.

Quick, what’s the difference between a market-cap-, equal- and price-weighted stock market index? Fortunately, if you’re not sure, our friends at Dimensional Fund Advisors just published an excellent piece on this very subject. We invite you to read it here, but here’s our overview.

If you think of a market as a big box, there are several ways each stock that belongs in that box might “weigh in” to help fill it:

Market-Cap Weighted – If we fill a market box according to each stock’s market capitalization (share price multiplied by shares outstanding), the stocks with the biggest market caps (e.g., Apple stock –  AAPL) weigh the heaviest, or occupy the most space, as Dimensional depicted here:

Equal Weighted – If, each security is instead given equal space in the box regardless of its market-cap, an equal-weighted market will look more like this:

Price Weighted – As described in this recent New York Times piece (which may require a subscription to access), the Dow Jones Industrial Average is the only popular index that uses price weighting, where the highest-priced stocks take up the most space. (Almost everyone agrees, price-weighting is pretty arbitrary, especially since the Dow tracks only 30 U.S. stocks to begin with. But as the world’s first and oldest index, the venerable Dow essentially gets to do as it pleases.)

So what does all this mean to you as an investor? As Dimensional’s illustrations depict:

• If you were to invest all of your money in a single market-cap-weighted index fund, you’d end up holding a much heavier allocation to large-cap stocks, be they value or growth.
• If you were to invest everything in an equal-weighted index fund, you’d end up holding more small-cap stocks than would otherwise be warranted by their cap-weighted presence in the total market.

Now, here’s where things get a little complicated, so bear with me. At first glance, you might conclude you’d be best off investing in an equal-weighted index fund, to capture more of the higher expected small-cap value premium. After all, that’s where the biggest small-cap value “blob” appears, right?

Not so fast. First, we’ve got to remember that an index is just a theoretical collection of stocks. When an investor or fund manager seeks to replicate an index by placing actual trades on those stocks, they run into real-life trading constraints. This is especially so when tracking an equal-weighted index, where far more frequent trading is likely to be the norm.

Put plainly, keeping up with the evolving components in an equal-weighted index can get very expensive, very fast.

Dimensional explains:

“[U]sing a systematic and purposeful approach that takes into consideration real-world constraints is more likely to increase your chances for investment success. Considerations for such an approach include things like: understanding the drivers of returns and how to best design a portfolio to capture them, what a sufficient level of diversification is, how to appropriately rebalance, and last but not least, how to manage the costs associated with pursuing such a strategy.”

Which brings us back to evidence-based investing as we know it. Want to know more? Here’s a past post on index- vs. evidence-based investing. Or just give me a call to continue the conversation.

End notes:
Exhibit 1: For illustrative purposes only. Illustration includes constituents of the Russell 3000 Index as of December 31, 2016, on a market-cap weighted basis segmented into Large Value, Large Growth, Small Value, and Small Growth. Source: Frank Russell Company is the source and owner of the trademarks, service marks, and copyrights related to the Russell Indexes. See Appendix (on page 3) for additional information.

Exhibit 2: For illustrative purposes only. Illustration includes the constituents of the Russell 3000 Index as of December 31, 2016 on an equal-weighted basis segmented into Large Value, Large Growth, Small Value, and Small Growth. Source: Frank Russell Company is the source and owner of the trademarks, service marks, and copyrights related to the Russell Indexes. See Appendix (on page 3) for additional information.