Many investors face a difficult tradeoff at some point in their investing career. They have some stock that they want to sell, but it is at a large gain. They want to diversify or rebalance their portfolio but don’t want to pay the taxes associated with selling the position. Many of our clients face this dilemma either from stock positions they have accumulated from their employer over a career or old investment decisions that have lingered in individual stocks.

Unfortunately, there haven’t been good options to solve this issue. Historically, investors have tried using things like options or exchange funds, but these solutions are costly, tax-inefficient, and illiquid.

As wealth managers, we always look for that third door that can efficiently solve a client’s need. 351 conversions beautifully solve this issue. They are low-cost, have zero tax impact, and are liquid.

What is a 351 Conversion?

A 351 conversion or exchange refers to a section of the Internal Revenue Code that deals with corporate reorganizations. This code section allows for a tax-free exchange of securities into a newly created entity, such as an ETF, provided certain diversification rules are met. In other words, the Code allows individuals to exchange holdings of stocks or ETFs into a new ETF in a tax-free conversion with a carryover basis.

Why does this matter to me?

Any investor can seed (put money in at launch) an ETF with individual stock positions and immediately convert their investments from whatever they held to a fully diversified ETF tax-free. Your original cost basis carries over, but now, instead of holding a handful of individual stocks, you can hold a low-cost, diversified, transparent ETF that can rebalance itself and pursue higher returns without incurring capital gains.

What are the limitations?

“There must be a catch! This seems too good to be true. How do I get to go from concentrated stock positions to a diversified investment portfolio without paying taxes?” Yes, 351 conversions are highly effective tools for investors; however, there are several limitations as to when and how they are implemented.

First, the investments that an investor converts must be “diversified,” which means that investors cannot seed a new ETF solely with a single stock (e.g., Apple, Boeing, or Tesla). Specifically, the largest single position cannot exceed 25% of the contributed portfolio, and the five largest positions cannot exceed 50% of the contributed portfolio. While this may limit how much of an existing portfolio an investor can convert, an investor can combine individual stocks and additional ETFs to meet this criteria. Second, 351 conversions can only be done when an ETF first launches…not whenever an investor wants to.

Summary

A 351 conversion is a unique opportunity for investors to improve and diversify their investment portfolio without incurring current capital gains taxes. It allows investors to convert unwanted positions with significant capital gains into a diversified, tax-efficient, low-cost ETF in a non-taxable event.

Why should I care about 351 conversions? We want our clients and the investing community at large to benefit from a 351 conversion in the future, should it become available. Please stay tuned for more details as we prepare to do our own 351 conversion in the coming months!

If you have or know someone who has a low-basis stock portfolio or ETF that may benefit from better diversification but has hesitated to do so out of fear of incurring severe tax consequences, please reach out. A 351 conversion might be the right solution.

This information is educational and does not intend to make an offer for the sale of any specific securities, investments, or strategies. Investments involve risk, and past performance is not indicative of future performance. Return will be reduced by advisory fees and any other expenses incurred in the management of a client’s account. Consult with a qualified financial adviser or tax professional before implementing any investment or tax strategy.

Addressing Common Client Questions

At Hill Investment Group, we recognize that when a few clients raise the same question, it’s likely that many more have similar thoughts. To better serve you, we’re introducing a new segment in our newsletter where we’ll address common questions and how we approach them. The goal is to address what’s top of mind for our clients. To submit questions for future newsletters, email us at info@hillinvestmentgroup.com

This month, we’ll debut our first frequently asked question:

“Hey Hill, how can I secure a high rate of return for my cash savings?”

Understanding Cash Savings:

Every investor has to hold on to some amount of cash. We all have daily bills and expenses, something big we’re saving for, or just want something set aside for emergencies. This is money you want to keep safe. As you’ve likely noticed, cash sitting in your bank account earns very little and it may feel like you’re missing out on potential earnings. The great news? You have options at your fingertips, that we can help you take advantage of.

Why does this matter? Ensuring cash is managed effectively is one of the best ways we can help you “pick up the pennies” of extra return around the edges of your portfolio. 

For earning a return on cash, we recommend three options, tailored to your specific situation:

• Money Market Funds

Money market funds invest in highly liquid, short-term debt instruments like US Treasury bills. These funds offer high liquidity and very low risk, making them a secure option. Investors in money market funds can expect a positive return, currently around 5%, matching the returns on short-term US government debt. We recommend money market funds for cash you plan to use within the next year. We can manage this investment for you, ensuring your cash earns the highest return with minimal risk.

• BOXX ETF

BOXX is an ETF providing money market-like returns but in an ETF format. This means returns are reflected in the increasing price of the ETF rather than as income. Since capital gains are taxed at a lower rate than income, holding BOXX for over a year could significantly enhance your after-tax return. 

We recommend BOXX for cash that you plan to hold for more than a year. We can manage this investment and monitor the holding period to maximize your after-tax return.

• Flourish – New Service Announcement!

We are excited to introduce Flourish, a new service for Hill Investment Group clients. Flourish removes the hassle of hunting for the highest savings account rate by partnering with over a dozen FDIC-member program banks to ensure you always receive the highest savings rate. Flourish links to your personal checking or business account and offers money market-like returns and up to $10 million in FDIC insurance. This all comes with no fees or minimums and a clean, user-friendly interface. 

We recommend Flourish as your high-yield savings account solution for cash held in personal accounts. We can help you set up Flourish to talk to your personal accounts hassle-free so you know you are getting the most out of your cash at all times.

We’ll be rolling out this service over the coming months, but if you are curious to dive deeper – Check out this 5-minute video. If you’re eager to start using Flourish now, email us, and we’ll send you an invite so you can start benefiting immediately.

We’re here to ensure your cash works as hard as you do. Let us help you maximize your returns with minimal risk.

Summary

This information is educational and does not intend to make an offer for the sale of any specific securities, investments, or strategies.  Investments involve risk and, past performance is not indicative of future performance. Return will be reduced by advisory fees and any other expenses incurred in the management of a client’s account. Consult with a qualified financial adviser before implementing any investment strategy.

Welcome to the final installment of Picking Up Pennies. Last month, we discussed how understanding the concept of tax lots can optimize an investor’s tax consequences and even create a tax asset via active tax loss harvesting. Over the last six months, we have discussed different strategies we employ to increase returns, reduce costs, and minimize taxes. This final article will summarize the impact of these small decisions on your investment portfolio.

•   Volume 1 – Keep Cash Balances Low (Better Chance for Higher Returns)
•   Volume 2 – Asset Location (Reduces Taxes)
•   Volume 3 – Using ETFs (Reduces Taxes)
•   Volume 4 – Trading ETFs in Competition (Reduces Trading Costs)
•   Volume 5 – Number of Funds and Not Auto-Reinvesting Dividends (Reduces Trading Costs)
•   Volume 6 – Tax Lots and Tax Loss Harvesting (Reduces Taxes)
•   Volume 7 – Summary (Total Impact)

Determining the exact impact of each decision is difficult as each strategy will impact every investor differently. For this analysis, we used what we think is a typical investor.

–   Allocation is 60% Stocks and 40% Bonds

–   Half of the money is in a taxable account, half is in an IRA

–   Portfolio turnover is 10%/year

–   25% income tax rate, 15% capital gains tax rate

While the impact of some strategies may be more pronounced than others, it’s important to remember that every penny counts. When you add up all these strategies, you’ll see a significant difference in your investment outcomes. Specifically, about 0.59% per year or 59 basis points in financial industry jargon, which we prefer to avoid. Remember, all else being equal, the higher your tax rate, the more significant your net savings.  

As discussed throughout the series, implementing these strategies is more than a one-size-fits-all approach. Each investor and family is unique, and tailoring these strategies to your needs takes time and effort. Our personalized approach is a testament to our commitment to your financial success.

In the first installment, I mentioned that I often ask other money managers how they implement these solutions. Most of the time, the response is, “We are not doing X because… it is too much work, clients don’t know the difference, the benefit is small, etc.” All of these answers are correct except one. It does take a lot of work…clients don’t normally notice the difference…but the benefit is NOT small. When you add all this up, it makes a meaningful difference. As your fiduciary, our obligation is to seek the best solutions we can find for our clients…no matter what.

These benefits are all the small details in your investment implementation. This series does not even include the bigger items that add even more value, like asset allocation, quarterly rebalancing, behavioral coaching, spending strategy, and a low-fee diversified investing strategy. Add it all together and compound these advantages over time, and now you’ve got something to be proud of now and in the long view!

1 Assumes the average investor holds 8% cash across uninvested cash and cash held in funds (5% + 3%). HIG holds 1% cash (0.7% + 0.3%). 60/40 portfolio returns 4% above cash. Impact = 30 bps

2 Assumes 5% bond returns and 10% equity returns. Impact = 20 bps

3 Assumes 3% annual capital gain distributions. Impact = 5 bps

4 Assumes savings of 2 cents per share traded. Impact = 1 bp

5 Assumes 20% additional fund turnover. 0.1% round-trip trading costs. Impact = 2 bps

6 Assumes 4% distributions and 0.1% higher trading costs. Impact = 1 bp

7 Tax benefits would depend on specific market conditions. Impact assumed to be zero for this analysis.